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The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Baltimore ((ラテン語:Archidioecesis Baltimorensis)) is the premier "see" of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. The archdiocese comprises the largest metropolitan area in the City of Baltimore as well as nine counties (out of 23 in the state) in central and western Maryland: Allegany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Frederick, Garrett, Harford, Howard, and Washington Counties in Maryland. The archdiocese is the metropolitan see of the larger regional Ecclesiastical Province of Baltimore. The Archdiocese of Baltimore is the oldest diocese in the United States whose see city was within the nation's boundaries when the United States declared its independence in 1776. The Holy See granted the Archbishop of Baltimore the right of precedence in the nation at liturgies, meetings, and Plenary Councils on August 15, 1859.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=old ''"Catholic Encyclopedia"'' Article on Precedence )〕 Although the Archdiocese of Baltimore does not enjoy "primatial" status, it is the premier episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States of America. The Archdiocese comprises the nine Maryland counties (out of 23 in the state) and Baltimore city, with 518,000 Catholics, 145 parishes, 545 priests (244 diocesan priests, 196 priests resident in diocese), 159 permanent deacons, 55 brothers, 803 sisters, 205 lay eucharistic ministers, five hospitals, 28 aged homes, 7 diocesan/parish high schools, 13 private high schools, 4 colleges/universities, and two seminaries — (St. Mary's Seminary and University in Roland Park, of north Baltimore and Mount St. Mary's Seminary (at Mount Saint Mary's University) in Frederick County's Emmitsburg, Maryland).〔Liz F. Kay, "New home for a new archbishop", ''Baltimore Sun'', July 14, 2007.〕〔G.M. Corrigan, "Archbishop O'Brien to begin stewardship with listening tour", ''The Baltimore Examiner'', August 4, 2007.〕 ==History== Before and during the American Revolutionary War, the Catholics in Great Britain's thirteen colonies in America (and also its colonies in Canada) were under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the bishop of the Apostolic Vicariate of the London District, in England. The war was formally ended by the Treaty of Paris, which was signed on September 3, 1783, and was ratified by the Congress of the Confederation (of the newly independent United States of America) on January 14, 1784, and by the King of Great Britain on April 9, 1784. The ratification documents were exchanged in Paris on May 12, 1784. A petition was sent by the Maryland clergy to the Holy See, on November 6, 1783, for permission for the missionaries in the United States to nominate a superior who would have some of the powers of a bishop. In response to that, Father John Carroll—having been selected by his brother priests—was confirmed by Pope Pius VI, on June 6, 1784, as Superior of the Missions in the newly independent thirteen United States of North America, with power to give the sacrament of confirmation. This act established a hierarchy in the United States and removed the Catholic Church in the U.S. from the authority of the Vicar Apostolic of the London District. The Holy See then established the office of the Apostolic Prefecture of the United States on November 26, 1784. Because Maryland was one of the few regions of the colonial United States that had a substantial Roman Catholic population, the apostolic prefecture was elevated to become the Diocese of Baltimore〔("Our History" ). Archdiocese of Baltimore official website. Retrieved 2009-11-26.〕—the first diocese in the United States—on November 6, 1789. In 1790, Father John Carroll traveled across the Atlantic Ocean to England where he was ordained and consecrated as a bishop in Lulworth Castle in Dorset, England by authority of the Bishop of London. On April 8, 1808, the suffragan dioceses of Boston,〔("Historical Sketch of The Archdiocese of Boston" ). Archdiocese of Boston. Retrieved 2009-11-26.〕 New York,〔(Timeline ). Archdiocese of New York. Retrieved 2009-11-26.〕 Philadelphia,〔(A Brief History of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia ). Archdiocese of Philadelphia website. Retrieved 2010-03-12.〕 and Bardstown in Bardstown, Kentucky, (later moved in 1841 to Louisville, larger river port town on the Ohio River)〔(Brief History of the Archdiocese of Louisville ). Archdiocese of Louisville. Retrieved 2009-11-26.〕 were erected by Pope Pius VII from the territory of the Diocese of Baltimore, which was simultaneously raised to the rank of metropolitan archdiocese, thereby becoming the "Archdiocese of Baltimore". The newly established "Province of Baltimore"—whose metropolitan was the Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Baltimore—comprised all of the states and territories of the nation. The Archdiocese however, again lost territory in following decades with the creation of the Diocese of Richmond (Virginia)〔()〕 on July 11, 1820, and the Diocese of Wilmington (Delaware)〔()〕 on March 3, 1868. In 1850, the Diocese of Wheeling (then in Virginia; now Wheeling-Charleston, West Virginia)〔()〕 was erected, from the Diocese of Richmond. In 1974, the Diocese of Arlington (Virginia)〔()〕 was erected, from the Diocese of Richmond. On July 22, 1939, the see was temporarily renamed the Archdiocese of Baltimore-Washington, in recognition of the nation's capital. Eight years later, on November 15, 1947, the District of Columbia and the two Washington suburban and three southern counties of Maryland became the Archdiocese of Washington (D.C.),〔()〕 resulting in the present-day Archdiocese of Baltimore, which consists of the City of Baltimore and the nine counties of central and western Maryland. From 1808 until 1847, Baltimore was the only archdiocese in the U.S.A. and therefore the entire country was one ecclesiastical province.〔()〕 As the nation's population grew and waves of Catholic immigrants came from Europe, the Holy See continued to erect new dioceses and elevate certain others to the status of metropolitan archdioceses, which simultaneously became metropolitan sees of new ecclesiastical provinces. Thus, the Province of Baltimore gradually became smaller and smaller. In 1847, the then-Diocese of Saint Louis was elevated to an archdiocese and metropolitan see of the new Province of Saint Louis. In 1850, the Diocese of New York was raised to an archdiocese. Also in 1850, the Diocese of Oregon City (now Portland, Oregon) was raised to an archdiocese. In 1875, the dioceses of Boston and Philadelphia were likewise elevated. The Archdiocese has published ''"The Catholic Review"'' as the diocesan newspaper since 1913-14, when it was named ''"The Baltimore Catholic Review"'', succeeding the previous diocesan publication ''"The Catholic Mirror"'', published 1833 to 1908. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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